Use with caution!
That’s the single most important recommendation I can offer landlords when they’re looking to serve a Section 8 eviction notice to a tenant.
I’ve been a landlord for over a decade now and I’ve only had to pull out a Section 8 notice two times, and both times I did so reluctantly and considered it to be the last resort! During moments of turmoil, I always try other solutions first.
In this blog post, I’m going to provide a general overview of what a Section 8 notice, when it can be used, and how it differs from a Section 21 possession notice.
The information in this post blog applies to Assured Shorthold Tenancies (AST) in England and Wales, and is certainly NOT providing any legal advice.
- Quick Overview: Section 8 eviction notice
- What is a Section 8?
- Download a Section 8 Notice
- Before serving a Section 8 notice
- Section 8 Vs Section 21
- How to serve a Section 8 Notice
- Landlords grounds for eviction under Section 8
- Once the Tenant receives the Section 8 notice
- Does serving a Section 8 guarantee a Possession Order?
- Free legal advice
Quick Overview: Section 8 eviction notice
- A Section 8 notice is a formal eviction notice landlords can serve to tenants when they have breached the terms of the tenancy and there is a valid ground for eviction (e.g. rent arrears, breach of tenancy agreement, antisocial behaviour);
- the notice can be served at any point during the tenancy as long as the landlord has a valid ground to do so;
- specific grounds for eviction are specified under Section 8, and landlords need to declare which ground(s) they are using to serve notice;
- the notice period required may vary depending on the grounds specified but typically ranges from 2 weeks to 2 months;
- the notice should specify when the tenant should vacate the property by, and if they do not voluntarily leave by then, the landlord must apply to the court for a possession order, and the court will determine the case;
- section 8 eviction notices can be a complex legal process, and therefore landlords should ensure they follow the correct procedures and provide sufficient evidence for the grounds of eviction;
- tenants have rights to defend against a Section 8 eviction, and they should seek legal advice if they receive such a notice.
What is a Section 8?
A “section 8 notice”, also known as an “Notice to Quit Eviction Notice”, is used to notify a tenant that the landlord intends to seek possession of the property because the tenant has breached the terms of the tenancy and there is a valid ground for eviction (e.g. rent arrears).
Once the notice is served, the tenant should know when and why they need to vacate the property by. If the tenant disputes the grounds for eviction, or refuses to voluntarily vacate the property on the specified date, then the landlord must obtain an order for possession from a court.
It’s important to note that a section 8 notice does not give landlords any power to evict a tenant. A landlord does not have any legal rights to evict their tenant ever, only a court order has that power. However, before applying to a court for this order, the landlord must serve a section 8 notice.
Download a Section 8 Notice (FORM 3)
You can download a free Section 8 notice from GOV.UK, “Form 3: notice seeking possession of a property let on an assured tenancy or an assured agricultural occupancy”.
Before serving a Section 8 notice
I can only recommend reading through the various methods you have available to terminate a tenancy agreement – there are several options to choose from, and there might be a more suitable option than serving a Section 8 (which is quite a heavy-handed approach, and comes with a whole host of potential legal implications).
As mentioned, I believe issuing a Section 8 notice should be used as a last resort. If possible – and I’m aware this is a no-brainer – try to resolve issues amicably with your tenant. Ideally, that should be the objective for every landlord when shit hits the fan.
Often, being lenient is a cheaper and easier solution in the long-run. Bear in mind, a landlord has no eviction powers – only the courts do – and tenants are well within their rights to dispute your grounds for eviction, and therefore have the ability to make the situation messy and drawn out. Not to mention, the backlog for a court hearing in the UK is absolutely ridiculous – you could end up waiting several months before a hearing.
So my point is, consider all options carefully before issuing a Section 8; once tenants receive an eviction notice, many of them naturally become more difficult to deal with.
Of course, I appreciate the world isn’t short of unreasonable people, so issuing a Section 8 notice might be the only sensible option.
Do you have Landlord legal advice and expenses insurance?
Before taking action, I recommend checking if your landlord insurance policy includes “legal expenses cover” Many landlord policies do, which could mean you’re covered for legal advice and services, including issuing notices and managing evictions.
If you’re unsure, contact your insurer to confirm.
If you are covered, reach out to them immediately. They’ll be able to explain what you’re covered for and how they’re able to assist, which often includes the use of their own legal team to handle the situation for you. You don’t need to go through your insurance company to issue a Section 8, but obviously if your insurance includes legal protection, you might want to take advantage.
Section 8 Vs Section 21
Many landlords get confused between a Section 8 and Section 21 notice, and it’s understandable why. While you can serve both notices to one tenant at the same time, it’s important to understand the differences.
- A Section 8 can be used any time during the tenancy, including the fixed term, when the landlord has a valid ground for eviction (e.g. rent arrears). Basically, this can be used when the tenant has done something wrong.
- A Section 21 can be used to give a tenant ‘notice of repossession‘ without reason. It can be issued during the fixed-term, but it cannot take effect until the fixed-term expires. In other words, this can be used by landlords to notify tenants that they don’t wish to continue the tenancy after the fixed term has expired.
For a more detailed breakdown, here is my blog covering the difference between Section 21 and Section 8 notices.
So why am I mentioning Section 21?
Many landlords choose to serve a section 21 notice over a Section 8 even when the tenant has breached the terms of the tenancy and the landlord has valid grounds for eviction. That’s because serving a Section 21 notice is a lot cleaner as it comes with significantly less legal implications.
I’ve already drilled into why that’s the case in my Section 21 Vs Section 8 blog post, but to put simply, Section 21 is a “no fault” eviction notice, meaning the landlord does not need to provide any specific reason to serve the notice, other than they wish to terminate the tenancy at the end of the fixed term. Whereas a Section 8 is based on grounds for eviction, so the landlord needs a valid reason.
This can be an important detail if the tenant refuses to vacate the property on the expiration date specified in the notice, and the landlord is then required to obtain a court order to regain possession. If a Section 21 notice is used, the court will have to give an automatic possession order to the landlord (presuming the notice is served correctly). If a Section 8 notice is used, the tenant has the right to dispute the grounds for eviction and drag the case on for several months (during which time the tenant can remain in the property).
So even though a landlord might be well within their rights to serve a Section 8 notice, many opt to go down the Section 21 path instead. For example, if a tenant has breached the terms of the tenancy and there is only 2 months left of the fixed term, it could make sense to serve a Section 21.
To determine which is the most optimal path for you will depend on your specific circumstances and how long is left of the tenancy, and it is advised to seek professional legal advice to establish that for you.
How to serve a Section 8 Notice
- A Section 8 notice can be served by post or in person.
- In-person: it is recommended that a colleague witnesses the delivery.
- Post: send by recorded delivery for proof of delivery, and allow for a minimum of three working days for the notice to arrive.
- If there is more than one tenant, the notice should be served on all tenants.
- Any errors made when issuing the section 8 notice (which is extremely common) is likely to delay the landlord gaining possession. That’s why it is always advised to seek legal advice before issuing a section 8.
- The courts will recognise the day of postal service as the day on which the letter would normally have arrived.
Landlords grounds for eviction under Section 8
The most common type of breach during the term of the tenancy is for non-payment of rent. However, any breaches of the terms of the tenancy agreement can justify possession proceedings (e.g. damage to the property).
In order for the section 8 to be valid, the landlord must specify which ground(s) is being under Schedule 2 of the Housing Act 1988.
The ground(s) you wish to use to evict your tenant will need to be stated in the section 8 form. You can use more than one ground for possession if necessary. For example, grounds 8, 10 and/or 11 can be used for rent arrears. The notice period required to be given to the tenant will vary depending on which ground(s) are being used.
Section 8 grounds fall into 2 categories:
- Grounds 1-8 (Mandatory) – the court must make the possession Order
- Grounds 9-17 (Discretionary) – the court will make the Order only if it is reasonable to do so.
Ground | Description | Notice Period Required (minimum) |
---|---|---|
1 | Landlord(s) requires the property back for personal use in either of the following cases:
It’s important to note that this ground can only be used if the landlord gave notice at the start of the tenancy that they will be using this ground to regain possession. The court has to look at all the circumstances, including hardship to the tenant or Landlord before deciding whether to make an order. | 2 months |
2 | The property is subject to a mortgage which pre-dates the tenancy and the lender wishes to exercise its rights over the property, i.e. repossess it. A notice under this ground must be served before the creation of the tenancy. | 2 months |
3 | The tenancy is for a fixed period of not more than eight months and the property is occupied as a holiday let and at least twelve months before the tenancy started it had been used as a holiday let. Written notice must be given either before or at the time the tenancy begins that possession might be required under this ground. | 2 weeks |
4 | The tenancy is for a fixed period of not more than twelve months and has been let by an educational establishment/institution (e.g. university, colleges etc.) and possession is required. Written notice must be given on or before the tenancy begins that possession might be required on this ground. | 2 weeks |
5 | The property is used as a home for a Minister of Religion and is needed for another Minister of Religion. Written notice must have been given at the time or before the tenancy begins that possession might be required under this ground. | 2 months |
6 | The Landlord intends to demolish or reconstruct the whole or part of the property or carry out major works to all or part of it and the works cannot be carried out if the tenant is there (e.g. because the tenant will not agree to give access or agree to be restricted to living in part of the property whilst works are carried out on the other part). The Landlord must pay the tenants reasonable removal expenses if the possession is granted under this ground. | 2 months |
7 | Where the previous tenant has died and the new tenant is not entitled to “succeed” to the tenancy and the tenancy is a periodic tenancy which has passed to the new tenant on death or under a Will. The Landlord must bring proceedings within twelve months of the death of the tenant or twelve months of the date the Landlord became aware of the tenant’s death. | 2 months |
7A | In order for possession to be ordered by the court, any one or more of the following five conditions contained within 7A must be met. Condition 1
Condition 2 A court has found in relevant proceedings that the tenant, or a person residing in or visiting the dwelling-house, has breached a provision of an injunction under section 1 of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 and:
Condition 3 The tenant, or a person residing in or visiting the dwelling-house, has been convicted of an offence under section 30 consisting of a breach of a provision of a criminal behaviour order prohibiting a person from doing anything described in the order, and the offence involved:
Condition 4
Condition 5 The tenant, or a person residing in or visiting the dwelling-house, has been convicted of an offence under;
| 2 months |
8 | At the date of service of the notice and at the date of the hearing, the tenant has not paid the rent, and either rent is payable weekly or fortnightly and at least eight weeks’ rent is unpaid; or rent is payable monthly and at least two months’ rent is unpaid; or rent is payable quarterly and at least one quarter’s rent is more than three months in arrears. Note: When claiming possession under this ground, it is advisable to cite more than one ground since, if the tenant pays off part of the arrears shortly before the hearing, this ground can no longer be proved and possession proceedings will have to be abandoned. It is, therefore, common practice to cite more than one ground for rent arrears (i.e. grounds 8, 10 & 11), if applicable, and to also wait until at least two months’ rent (or eight weeks in the case of a weekly tenancy) is unpaid before issuing the Section 8 Notice. | 2 weeks |
Ground | Description | Notice Period Required (minimum) |
---|---|---|
10 | Any amount of rent is in arrears at the date of service of the notice and remains unpaid on the date on which the proceedings for possession are begun. | 2 weeks |
11 | The tenant has repeatedly failed to pay rent. | 2 weeks |
12 | The Tenant has breached any term of the tenancy agreement (other than one relating to the payment of rent). | 2 weeks |
13 | The property has deteriorated due to neglect by the tenant or by someone living with him and the tenant has failed to remove that person. | 2 weeks |
14 | The tenant or someone living with him has caused a nuisance to neighbours, visitors or others in the locality or has been convicted of using the property for immoral or illegal purposes or has been convicted of an indictable offence committed in the locality. | 2 weeks |
14A | This ground is only open to registered social landlords or charitable housing trusts and can not be used by private landlords. The property is occupied by a couple and one of them has left due to violence or threats of violence from the other partner or from a member of that partner’s family who was living in the property also. This notice can only be used by a registered social landlord or a charitable housing trust. The tenant who has left must also be sent this notice. | 2 weeks |
15 | The furniture has been ill-treated by the tenant or by someone living with him and the tenant has failed to remove that person. | 2 weeks |
16 | This ground covers cases where the tenant was an employee of the landlord and has since left his employ. This case is rarely used as most resident employees are licensees and therefore not covered by the housing acts. | 2 months |
17 | The landlord was induced to grant the tenancy by a false statement made knowingly or recklessly by either the tenant or a person acting at the tenant’s instigation. | 2 weeks |
Once the Tenant receives the Section 8 notice
Once the section 8 notice has been issued to the tenant, the landlord must wait until the notice has expired – this is the date provided in the notice. Approximately 80% of tenants leave after being served notice to avoid any court hearings.
However, if this is not the case (i.e. the tenant doesn’t vacate and/or clear any rent arrears), the landlord should apply for a possession order from a court.
Landlords can start court possession proceedings from the GOV website by completing a form.
Does serving a Section 8 guarantee a Possession Order?
Serving a section 8 notice does not guarantee that the court will grant a possession order for the tenant to vacate. It depends on which grounds are relied upon as well as the strength of the landlord’s argument.
However, Grounds 2 and 8 of a section 8 notice are mandatory, meaning that if a landlord is evicting a tenant that has breached either of those grounds and can prove to the court that the tenant is guilty, then the court MUST be in the favour of the landlord and issue the landlord with a possession order.
Grounds 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14A, 15 and 17 are discretionary grounds, meaning that the court will not necessarily side with the landlord even if he/she can prove that one of the grounds applies. If this is the case, it is at the court’s discretion to determine whether to grant a landlord a possession order. The court will look at the facts and evidence and then make a decision.
If a court is satisfied that a landlord is entitled to possession on one of the grounds, then the court will grant a possession order to take effect within 14 days. In some cases, the court may extend this to six weeks if it will cause the tenant to experience exceptional hardship.
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Good luck!
Landlord out xo
Disclaimer: I'm just a landlord blogger; I'm 100% not qualified to give legal or financial advice. I'm a doofus. Any information I share is my unqualified opinion, and should never be construed as professional legal or financial advice. You should definitely get advice from a qualified professional for any legal or financial matters. For more information, please read my full disclaimer.
Any documents you download from this website are just examples of its kind and should be checked by a professional. I give no warranties or representations concerning the documents, and accept no liability in relation to the use of the documents.
Even though you have not signed a contract an AST is assured and assumed by the fact you have been paying and your LL has been receiving rent. As you are now in an implied periodic tenancy and as such the LL has to give you 2 months notice whilst you only have to give one months notice.